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Category - Research Article
[Issue 1-Volume 2]
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No. of downloads - 5484
Title:
Administrative Structure of Punjab
Abstract:

Punjab state, sometimes pronounced as Panjab, is geographically found between the border of India and Pakistan. The literal  meaning of Punjab is land of five rivers. These five rivers are Sutlej, Beas, Ravi, Chenab, Jhelum. All these rivers are tributaries of Indus river. As of today, only two rivers Sutlej and Beas flow through Punjab state in India. Ravi flows partially in Punjab, mainly along the international boundry of India and Pakistan and then enters Pakistan. Punjab used to be known as Sapat Sindhu before the arrival of Aryans in India. The word Sapat Sindhu means the land of seven rivers. These seven rivers were Sutlej, Beas, Ravi, Chenab, Jhelum, Saraswati and Sindhu. In Puranas and Mahabharata, it is named as Pancha-nada which means land of five rivers. During the rule of Mughals in India, the region was known with the name Suba-E-Lahore. Greeks referred to Punjab as Pentapotamia, which means an inland delta of five converging rivers. In 1966, owing to the demands made by the Akali Dal and various other organisations to create a Punjabi speaking state, the Government divided Punjab into a Punjabi-speaking state of the same name, and Hindi-speaking Haryana and Himachal Pradesh. The state has achieved tremendous growth over the years due to the success of the Green Revolution in the early 70s. For a major period in the second half of the 20th century, Punjab led the other states in India to achieve self-sufficiency in crop production.

Category - Research Article
[Issue 1-Volume 4]
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No. of downloads - 3432
Title:
Consumer Behaviour and Consumption Pattern Towards Ready to Eat Food Products in Jammu City
Abstract:

One of the basic needs of the human being is food. It is vital for the normal functioning of the body parts and for a healthy growth. Consumer interest in ready-to-eat (RTE) and ready-to-serve (RTS) food is mounting due to their convenience, value, attractive appearance, taste and texture. This paper discusses the relationship between consumer buying behaviour and consumption pattern. First, we aim to review the market of ready to eat food products and study the factors that affect the buying behaviour of the consumer in Jammu city. Secondly, we aim to study the consumption pattern of the consumers in Jammu city.

Category - Research Article
[Issue 1-Volume 2]
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No. of downloads - 2947
Title:
A Study of Status and Scenario of Retail Outlets of Biscuits of Britannia Industries Ltd.
Abstract:

The present investigation was conducted in Chandigarh city covering 25 sectors for analyzing sales network in which 300 retail outlets and distributors were selected through purposive sampling. The information from various retail outlets and distributors was collected with the help of structured questionnaire and the data was analyzed by using various statistical tools. Communication channel, distribution channel, and transaction channel were used towards market expansion. Out for 300 retail outlets only 205 were found active and 95 were found non active. Further sectors 21, 22, 44 and 47 have shown the 100 per cent active retail outlets and minimum active retail outlets have been found in sector 14 with 20 per cent followed by non active retail outlets in sector 15 with 13 per cent. The weekly total sale for Britannia biscuit products was worked out at ` 704800 with an average sale of ` 28000 and the highest sale of Britannia biscuit products was in sectors 22 and 44 with ` 75500 and ` 58400 respectively followed by the minimum sales at sector 14 and 19 with ` 5500 and ` 6500 respectively.

Category - Research Article
[Issue 1-Volume 2]
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No. of downloads - 2809
Title:
Attrition of Private and Public School Teachers: A Comparative Analysis
Abstract:

The study focused on the factors that influence teacher attrition decision in comparison between public and private institution. The study used descriptive research design. A total of 30 teachers participated in answering the survey questionnaires based from Herzberg Hygiene Theory. Descriptive analysis shows slight difference in the extent of how each factor influences teacher’s attrition decision. T-Test revealed a significant difference in the attrition between private and public school teachers (p = .000 < 0.05). This further implies that factors that influence attrition decision of the movers are different from those who came from private and public institution. Truly, teacher attrition burdens educational institutions with added recruiting and hiring costs. Concern over student and school performance also pushes this issue forward. Thus, a strategic response is needed and efforts to stem teacher attrition must center on the school site and on the factors that support good teaching. For where the good teaching environment is, there will also be a better learning environment that fosters educational success.

Category - Research Article
[Issue 1-Volume 1]
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No. of downloads - 2662
Title:
Empowerment of Rural Women Through Self-Help Groups of Udaipur District
Abstract:
The study was conducted for empowerment of rural women through self-help groups with specific objective to study the empowerment of rural women through self-help groups. The study was conducted in Udaipur district of Rajasthan.Total 1123 groups were registered during year 2008-09 by different forming agencies. In which, 16 SHGs were selected from NABARD, 17 SHGs were selected from ICDS, 56 SHGs were selected from DRDA. Only 13 SHGs were selected from SAUs .Major findings of the study revealed that 93 percent agree on Participation in community Programme and only17 percent agreed on Decision making in community affairs. However 50 per cent women do agree that they  observed increase in self-confidence and self-esteem after becoming the member of self-help group.
Category - Research Article
[Issue 1-Volume 2]
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No. of downloads - 2614
Title:
Attitude of Farmers Towards Developmental Activities of Agriculture Experimental Station NAU, Paria
Abstract:

Agriculture Experimental Station Paria came into existence in the year 1962 in Pardi taluka of Valsad district to test the feasibility of growing other crops instead of natural grasses. Initially, this station was run by the Department of Agriculture, Government of Gujarat. Later on, in 1972 this station was transferred to Gujarat Agricultural University. Now this research farm is working under Navsari Agricultural University from May, 2004. This region comes under South Gujarat Heavy Rainfall Agro-climate Zone-I. This zone comprises of whole of Dangs, Valsad, Navsari and parts of Surat district. The total geographical area of this zone is 9.59 lakh ha. This zone has been divided in to 4 Agro-ecological situations. The Agriculture Experimental Station (AES), Paria is situated in the Agro-ecological situation –II at 20O-27’ N latitude and 72O-57’ E longitude with an elevation of 10 meters above sea level. Basically, it is research oriented organization and at present about fifteen research projects are running with different mandates. Apart from this, one extension scheme i.e. vegetable and fruit crop demonstration scheme for tribal upliftment is also being undertaken for the farmers of the area. Farmers are advised at the station as well as on farmer's field. Besides this training programmes and demonstration are also organized by the station. Training to the students of agriculture like B. Sc.(Agri.), B.Sc.(Hort.), B.R.S. and Diploma (Krushi) etc. is undertaken. The scientists of AES, Paria are also actively engaged in organizing various farmer oriented programmes by Department of Agriculture and Department of Horticulture as well as other N.G.Os. Solving the agricultural problems of the farmers.

Category - Research Article
[Issue 1-Volume 2]
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No. of downloads - 2580
Title:
Communication Behaviour of Kinnow Growers in Haryana
Abstract:

The present study was conducted in Sirsa and Hisar districts of Haryana state with 80 farmers as a sample. The major thirst of the study was upon the communication behavior of the farmers to get information for scientific cultivation of kinnow crop. The District Horticulture Officer (DHO) and its officials were the most preferred source of information with maximum credibility and trustworthiness. The university scientists topped the list of information sources from the point of view of level of satisfaction derived by the kinnow growers. The farmers were having a large communication gap of 46.75 with the university scientists and a narrow communication gap of 18.50 and 17.75 with DHO/HDOs and the input dealers, respectively. However, the largest communication gap of 76.67 was found in case of radio. The higher caste and the well educated farmers considered university scientists a more reliable source and therefore seized to opt for input dealers.

Category - Research Article
[Issue 1-Volume 2]
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No. of downloads - 2557
Title:
Comparative Analysis of Groundnut Growing States in Western India
Abstract:

The research study entitled “Comparative analysis of groundnut growing states in Western India” is an attempt to determine the cost structure and changes in cost of cultivation and to identify which state in Western India is having comparative economic advantage in the production of groundnut. The study is based on secondary data collected from various published sources for the period under reference. Cost structure of the crop was analyzed by working out the share of each item of cost in total cost of cultivation. The changes in structure of cost of cultivation of groundnut over twenty years were assessed by comparing the cost structure of each crop during 2012-13 as compared to 1992-93. The states included in the study were Gujarat and Maharashtra. The results would help in planning the future strategies and policy direction for oilseed crop productivity in the states. Among the groundnut growing states, Gujarat state emerged with higher growth rate of 3.72 per cent per annum for the yield of groundnut during the period of 1992-93 to 2012-13. Gujarat state was found to have higher stability in the yield of groundnut, as the detrended cv (coefficient of variation) for the yield of groundnut was the lowest for Gujarat (2.17%). The total cost of cultivation of groundnut has increased in Gujarat by 567.21 per cent and in Maharashtra by 581.77 per cent during the study period. Over the years, the net income from groundnut has increased in Maharashtra by 1153.24 per cent and in Gujarat by 389.06 per cent.

Category - Research Article
[Issue 1-Volume 2]
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No. of downloads - 2515
Title:
Household Food Security through Kitchen Garden: A Practically Workable Step by KVKs in U.P. State
Abstract:

Continuously increasing food prices of basic kitchen items, fruits and vegetables the poor and fixed income groups are suffering from the decreasing real incomes and purchasing power. The marginal increase in the income of the poor people to enable them to gain access to food and improve their nutrition is the need of the present time. The kitchen garden falls under bio-intensive and participatory innovation which can provide year round availability, access and consumption of adequate amount and varieties which supply not only the calorific demands but also the micronutrients by the resource poor. One of the easiest ways of ensuring access to a healthy diet that contains adequate macro- and micronutrients is to produce many different kinds of foods in the home garden. This is especially important in rural areas where people have limited income-earning opportunities and poor access to markets. Kitchen gardening contributes to household food security by providing direct access to food that can be harvested, prepared and fed to family members, often on a daily basis. Home gardens are also becoming an increasingly important source of food and income for poor households in peri-urban and urban areas. Kitchen gardens can be grown in the empty space available at the backyard of the house or a group of women can come together, identify a common place or land and grow desired vegetables, fruits, cereals etc that can benefit the women and community as a whole (Christensen, 2011). There are many social benefits that have emerged from kitchen gardening practices; better health and nutrition, increased income, employment, food security within the household, and enhance in community social life.

Category - Research Article
[Issue 1-Volume 2]
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No. of downloads - 2471
Title:
Sources of Information and Perception of Farmers towards Soil Testing Techniques
Abstract:

Understanding what farmer needs to know and from whom they receive information during the course of cultivation is essential to ensuring quality production. Sources of farm information are the tool of communication web that holds a society together and it is a collection of small and relatively isolated agricultural communities. The information hungry farmers are approaching very many sources and channels for getting information on farm innovation. The success of an extension approach will depend on how it enhances the information flow along the agriculture value chain, and whether this is done sustainably and effectively. The right doses of chemical fertilizers application by the farmers in crops are very much essential to achieve maximum production and to earn maximum profit. Soil testing techniques helps the farmer’s for reasonable application of chemical fertilizers. The farmers will be able to know how much nutrients are already available in the soil and how much additional fertilizer nutrient will be arranged for a particular crop. The lion’s share of farmers had information about soil testing techniques. Majority of respondents were using the information gained from the personnel of State Department of Agriculture and the scientists working in Krishi Vigyan Kendra in the study area. Majority of farmers agreed with the statement “Soil testing is basic step for quality crop production ". The efforts should be made by State Department of Agriculture and KVK to encourage the farmers in acceptance of soil testing process by organizing training programmes and campaigns especially on soil testing techniques.

Category - Research Article
[Issue 1-Volume 1]
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No. of downloads - 2449
Title:
A Study on Constraints Encountered by the Tribal Livestock Farmers in Southern Rajasthan
Abstract:
The study was conducted in Sirohi district of Southern Rajasthan, in order to identify the problems faced by the tribal farmers and to work out the relationship of problems with socio-economic and psychological traits of the respondents. The findings revealed that major problems faced by the tribal farmers were economic problem, less profit from domesticated animals, non-availability of green fodder, non-availability of superior male animal, harassment by the forest personnel in open grazing, lack of easy accesses to veterinarian, absence of scientific farming etc. The relational analysis revealed that occupational and family income from animal husbandry had positive and highly significant (P<0.01) influence on problems of livestock rearing. On the other hand, livestock unit showed negative and highly significant influence on problems of livestock rearing.
Category - Research Article
[Issue 1-Volume 1]
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No. of downloads - 2347
Title:
Evaluation of Training Workshop on Personality Development
Abstract:
Training is a short-term educational process utilizing a systematic and organized procedure by which employees learn technical knowledge and skills for a definite purpose. Training and development increases the employee performance and is an important activity to increase the performance of organization. Swami Keshwamand Rajasthan Agricultural University (SKRAU), Bikaner has made remarkable efforts and developmental plans to achieve specific objectives so that it can achieve rapid and systematic progress in all spheres of teaching, research and extension. For achievement of desired objectives, employees have to play crucial role in development of an organization through constant efforts. This study aims to determine what personality development training needs to deliver to help individuals and the organization accomplish their goals and objectives. This is an assessment that looks at different personality parameters of lecturers, motivation towards KPIs and willingness to learn new traits for personality enhancement. The workshop conducted by SKRAU has been highly successful in developing a positive approach in participants towards their profession and enhanced their personality and communication skills thus helping them in delivering the lecturers and seminars in efficient manner. Increased level of self-confidence has been noticed amongst participants as a result of this workshop. This type of workshop is highly recommendable for future as well for achievement of university goals.
Category - Research Article
[Issue 1-Volume 1]
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No. of downloads - 2336
Title:
Estimation of Demand and Supply Functions and Destination of Export of Basmati Rice from India
Abstract:
India possesses an immense wealth of Basmati and non-Basmati aromatic rice varieties exhibiting a wide variability in their grain quality and cooking characteristics. India is a major producer of basmati rice and accounts for almost 70% of the world production and nearly two-third of the country’s produce is exported. In the present study, estimation of demand and supply function of export of basmati rice along with destination wise pattern of export has been done on the basis of secondary data for the period of 2001-2011. Demand and supply functions were estimated by the simultaneous equation model: two stage least square method. Saudi Arabia and Italy were the leading importers of basmati rice from India during the last one decade. Export supply of Indian basmati rice was mainly on the basis of long-term contracts with the importing countries.
Category - Research Article
[Issue 1-Volume 3]
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No. of downloads - 2307
Title:
Evaluating the performance of Co-operatives Societies in Jammu division of Jammu and Kashmir
Abstract:

Co-operatives play active role in the provision of basic amenities and social services to boost the life of rural populace. In general co-operative societies are an appropriate avenue for rural development. Cooperative societies are much more important for the farmers of Jammu also. The number of cooperative societies in Jammu division increases from 597 in the year 1996-97 to 832 in the year 2012-13 with a membership of 2.42 lakhs in 2012-13. As far as the number of primary agricultural credit societies is concerned it increases from 366 in 1996-97 to 372 in 2012-13 which no doubt shows an increasing trend but of 1.64 per cent only. Amount of loans advanced from the agricultural credit societies to farmer increases from ` 1017.80 lakhs in 2002-03 to ` 1109.10 lakhs in 2009-10 with a frequent variation during the period. The number of cooperative marketing societies does not show much increase in the number but membership increases from 0.11 lakhs during the year 1996-97 to 0.14 lakhs during the year 2012-13. Maximum percentage change in marketing societies in owned funds with respect to previous year is observed in the year 2003-04. The working capital was found to be maximum (` 2226.30 lakhs) in 1996-97 but after that there was a sharp decline in it and it decreases to ` 533.23 lakhs in 2002-03. Fruit growers cooperative marketing societies are also functional in Jammu and numbers are increasing with the passage of time. Therefore the performance of cooperative societies is supposed to be evaluate and moreover these has shown not best but also not bad performance in the growth and development.

Category - Research Article
[Issue 1-Volume 4]
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No. of downloads - 2299
Title:
Anthropometric Measurements of the Adolescent Girls in Relation to their Nutritional Status
Abstract:

The objective of the present study was to find out the anthropometric measurements of the adolescent girls in relation to their nutritional status. Present study was conducted in Udaipur district. Total sample of 240 adolescent girls was taken by random purposive sampling. Weight is an important guide to assess the current nutritional status and only 17.5 per cent subjects were normal in which majority were from urban area. As per NCHS standard, 63.7 per cent subjects were found under normal category of height for age Mean height of RY1&UY5 and RY2&UY7 was 2.09 and 2.07 m2 which was 90.6per cent and 90.1per cent of the standard height respectively. The mean BMI of RY1&UY5 and RY3&UY7 was 19.97 and 17.24 respectively.